更新 API
编辑更新 API
编辑使用指定的脚本更新文档。
请求
编辑POST /<索引>/_update/<_id>
描述
编辑允许您编写脚本来更新文档。该脚本可以更新、删除或跳过修改文档。更新 API 还支持传递部分文档,该文档会合并到现有文档中。要完全替换现有文档,请使用 index
API。
此操作
- 从索引中获取文档(与分片共址)。
- 运行指定的脚本。
- 索引结果。
文档仍然需要重新索引,但使用 update
可以减少一些网络往返,并降低 GET 和索引操作之间版本冲突的可能性。
必须启用 _source
字段才能使用 update
。除了 _source
之外,您还可以通过 ctx
映射访问以下变量:_index
、_type
、_id
、_version
、_routing
和 _now
(当前时间戳)。
路径参数
编辑-
<索引>
- (必需,字符串)目标索引的名称。默认情况下,如果索引不存在,则会自动创建该索引。有关更多信息,请参阅 自动创建数据流和索引。
-
<_id>
- (必需,字符串)要更新的文档的唯一标识符。
查询参数
编辑-
if_seq_no
- (可选,整数)仅当文档具有此序列号时才执行操作。请参阅 乐观并发控制。
-
if_primary_term
- (可选,整数)仅当文档具有此主项时才执行操作。请参阅 乐观并发控制。
-
lang
- (可选,字符串)脚本语言。默认值:
painless
。 -
require_alias
- (可选,布尔值)如果为
true
,则目标必须是索引别名。默认为false
。 -
refresh
- (可选,枚举)如果为
true
,Elasticsearch 将刷新受影响的分片以使此操作对搜索可见;如果为wait_for
,则等待刷新以使此操作对搜索可见;如果为false
,则不进行任何刷新操作。有效值:true
、false
、wait_for
。默认值:false
。 -
retry_on_conflict
- (可选,整数)指定发生冲突时应重试操作的次数。默认值:0。
-
routing
- (可选,字符串)用于将操作路由到特定分片的自定义值。
-
_source
- (可选,列表)设置为
true
以启用源检索(默认值:false
)。您还可以指定要检索的字段的逗号分隔列表。 -
_source_excludes
- (可选,列表)指定要排除的源字段。
-
_source_includes
- (可选,列表)指定要检索的源字段。
-
timeout
-
(可选,时间单位)等待以下操作的时间段
默认为
1m
(一分钟)。这保证了 Elasticsearch 在失败之前至少等待超时时间。实际等待时间可能会更长,尤其是在发生多次等待时。 -
wait_for_active_shards
-
(可选,字符串)在继续操作之前必须处于活动状态的每个分片的副本数。设置为
all
或任何非负整数,最大为索引中每个分片的副本总数(number_of_replicas+1
)。默认为1
,表示仅等待每个主分片处于活动状态。请参阅 活动分片。
示例
编辑首先,让我们索引一个简单的文档
resp = client.index( index="test", id="1", document={ "counter": 1, "tags": [ "red" ] }, ) print(resp)
response = client.index( index: 'test', id: 1, body: { counter: 1, tags: [ 'red' ] } ) puts response
res, err := es.Index( "test", strings.NewReader(`{ "counter": 1, "tags": [ "red" ] }`), es.Index.WithDocumentID("1"), es.Index.WithPretty(), ) fmt.Println(res, err)
const response = await client.index({ index: "test", id: 1, document: { counter: 1, tags: ["red"], }, }); console.log(response);
PUT test/_doc/1 { "counter" : 1, "tags" : ["red"] }
要增加计数器,您可以提交一个包含以下脚本的更新请求
resp = client.update( index="test", id="1", script={ "source": "ctx._source.counter += params.count", "lang": "painless", "params": { "count": 4 } }, ) print(resp)
response = client.update( index: 'test', id: 1, body: { script: { source: 'ctx._source.counter += params.count', lang: 'painless', params: { count: 4 } } } ) puts response
res, err := es.Update( "test", "1", strings.NewReader(`{ "script": { "source": "ctx._source.counter += params.count", "lang": "painless", "params": { "count": 4 } } }`), es.Update.WithPretty(), ) fmt.Println(res, err)
const response = await client.update({ index: "test", id: 1, script: { source: "ctx._source.counter += params.count", lang: "painless", params: { count: 4, }, }, }); console.log(response);
POST test/_update/1 { "script" : { "source": "ctx._source.counter += params.count", "lang": "painless", "params" : { "count" : 4 } } }
类似地,您可以使用更新脚本将标签添加到标签列表中(这只是一个列表,因此即使标签存在也会添加)
resp = client.update( index="test", id="1", script={ "source": "ctx._source.tags.add(params.tag)", "lang": "painless", "params": { "tag": "blue" } }, ) print(resp)
response = client.update( index: 'test', id: 1, body: { script: { source: 'ctx._source.tags.add(params.tag)', lang: 'painless', params: { tag: 'blue' } } } ) puts response
res, err := es.Update( "test", "1", strings.NewReader(`{ "script": { "source": "ctx._source.tags.add(params.tag)", "lang": "painless", "params": { "tag": "blue" } } }`), es.Update.WithPretty(), ) fmt.Println(res, err)
const response = await client.update({ index: "test", id: 1, script: { source: "ctx._source.tags.add(params.tag)", lang: "painless", params: { tag: "blue", }, }, }); console.log(response);
POST test/_update/1 { "script": { "source": "ctx._source.tags.add(params.tag)", "lang": "painless", "params": { "tag": "blue" } } }
您还可以从标签列表中删除标签。用于 remove
标签的 Painless 函数需要删除的元素的数组索引。为了避免可能的运行时错误,您首先需要确保标签存在。如果列表包含标签的重复项,此脚本仅删除一个出现项。
resp = client.update( index="test", id="1", script={ "source": "if (ctx._source.tags.contains(params.tag)) { ctx._source.tags.remove(ctx._source.tags.indexOf(params.tag)) }", "lang": "painless", "params": { "tag": "blue" } }, ) print(resp)
response = client.update( index: 'test', id: 1, body: { script: { source: 'if (ctx._source.tags.contains(params.tag)) { ctx._source.tags.remove(ctx._source.tags.indexOf(params.tag)) }', lang: 'painless', params: { tag: 'blue' } } } ) puts response
res, err := es.Update( "test", "1", strings.NewReader(`{ "script": { "source": "if (ctx._source.tags.contains(params.tag)) { ctx._source.tags.remove(ctx._source.tags.indexOf(params.tag)) }", "lang": "painless", "params": { "tag": "blue" } } }`), es.Update.WithPretty(), ) fmt.Println(res, err)
const response = await client.update({ index: "test", id: 1, script: { source: "if (ctx._source.tags.contains(params.tag)) { ctx._source.tags.remove(ctx._source.tags.indexOf(params.tag)) }", lang: "painless", params: { tag: "blue", }, }, }); console.log(response);
POST test/_update/1 { "script": { "source": "if (ctx._source.tags.contains(params.tag)) { ctx._source.tags.remove(ctx._source.tags.indexOf(params.tag)) }", "lang": "painless", "params": { "tag": "blue" } } }
您还可以从文档中添加和删除字段。例如,此脚本添加字段 new_field
resp = client.update( index="test", id="1", script="ctx._source.new_field = 'value_of_new_field'", ) print(resp)
response = client.update( index: 'test', id: 1, body: { script: "ctx._source.new_field = 'value_of_new_field'" } ) puts response
res, err := es.Update( "test", "1", strings.NewReader(`{ "script": "ctx._source.new_field = 'value_of_new_field'" }`), es.Update.WithPretty(), ) fmt.Println(res, err)
const response = await client.update({ index: "test", id: 1, script: "ctx._source.new_field = 'value_of_new_field'", }); console.log(response);
POST test/_update/1 { "script" : "ctx._source.new_field = 'value_of_new_field'" }
相反,此脚本删除字段 new_field
resp = client.update( index="test", id="1", script="ctx._source.remove('new_field')", ) print(resp)
response = client.update( index: 'test', id: 1, body: { script: "ctx._source.remove('new_field')" } ) puts response
res, err := es.Update( "test", "1", strings.NewReader(`{ "script": "ctx._source.remove('new_field')" }`), es.Update.WithPretty(), ) fmt.Println(res, err)
const response = await client.update({ index: "test", id: 1, script: "ctx._source.remove('new_field')", }); console.log(response);
POST test/_update/1 { "script" : "ctx._source.remove('new_field')" }
以下脚本从对象字段中删除子字段
resp = client.update( index="test", id="1", script="ctx._source['my-object'].remove('my-subfield')", ) print(resp)
response = client.update( index: 'test', id: 1, body: { script: "ctx._source['my-object'].remove('my-subfield')" } ) puts response
const response = await client.update({ index: "test", id: 1, script: "ctx._source['my-object'].remove('my-subfield')", }); console.log(response);
POST test/_update/1 { "script": "ctx._source['my-object'].remove('my-subfield')" }
除了更新文档之外,您还可以更改从脚本内部执行的操作。例如,如果 tags
字段包含 green
,则此请求会删除文档,否则不执行任何操作 (noop
)
resp = client.update( index="test", id="1", script={ "source": "if (ctx._source.tags.contains(params.tag)) { ctx.op = 'delete' } else { ctx.op = 'noop' }", "lang": "painless", "params": { "tag": "green" } }, ) print(resp)
response = client.update( index: 'test', id: 1, body: { script: { source: "if (ctx._source.tags.contains(params.tag)) { ctx.op = 'delete' } else { ctx.op = 'noop' }", lang: 'painless', params: { tag: 'green' } } } ) puts response
const response = await client.update({ index: "test", id: 1, script: { source: "if (ctx._source.tags.contains(params.tag)) { ctx.op = 'delete' } else { ctx.op = 'noop' }", lang: "painless", params: { tag: "green", }, }, }); console.log(response);
POST test/_update/1 { "script": { "source": "if (ctx._source.tags.contains(params.tag)) { ctx.op = 'delete' } else { ctx.op = 'noop' }", "lang": "painless", "params": { "tag": "green" } } }
更新文档的一部分
编辑以下部分更新将新字段添加到现有文档
resp = client.update( index="test", id="1", doc={ "name": "new_name" }, ) print(resp)
response = client.update( index: 'test', id: 1, body: { doc: { name: 'new_name' } } ) puts response
res, err := es.Update( "test", "1", strings.NewReader(`{ "doc": { "name": "new_name" } }`), es.Update.WithPretty(), ) fmt.Println(res, err)
const response = await client.update({ index: "test", id: 1, doc: { name: "new_name", }, }); console.log(response);
POST test/_update/1 { "doc": { "name": "new_name" } }
如果同时指定了 doc
和 script
,则会忽略 doc
。如果您指定了脚本更新,请在脚本中包含要更新的字段。
检测无操作更新
编辑默认情况下,不更改任何内容的更新会检测到它们没有更改任何内容,并返回 "result": "noop"
resp = client.update( index="test", id="1", doc={ "name": "new_name" }, ) print(resp)
response = client.update( index: 'test', id: 1, body: { doc: { name: 'new_name' } } ) puts response
res, err := es.Update( "test", "1", strings.NewReader(`{ "doc": { "name": "new_name" } }`), es.Update.WithPretty(), ) fmt.Println(res, err)
const response = await client.update({ index: "test", id: 1, doc: { name: "new_name", }, }); console.log(response);
POST test/_update/1 { "doc": { "name": "new_name" } }
如果 name
的值已经是 new_name
,则会忽略更新请求,并且响应中的 result
元素返回 noop
{ "_shards": { "total": 0, "successful": 0, "failed": 0 }, "_index": "test", "_id": "1", "_version": 2, "_primary_term": 1, "_seq_no": 1, "result": "noop" }
您可以通过设置 "detect_noop": false
来禁用此行为
resp = client.update( index="test", id="1", doc={ "name": "new_name" }, detect_noop=False, ) print(resp)
response = client.update( index: 'test', id: 1, body: { doc: { name: 'new_name' }, detect_noop: false } ) puts response
res, err := es.Update( "test", "1", strings.NewReader(`{ "doc": { "name": "new_name" }, "detect_noop": false }`), es.Update.WithPretty(), ) fmt.Println(res, err)
const response = await client.update({ index: "test", id: 1, doc: { name: "new_name", }, detect_noop: false, }); console.log(response);
POST test/_update/1 { "doc": { "name": "new_name" }, "detect_noop": false }
Upsert
编辑如果文档尚不存在,则会将 upsert
元素的内容作为新文档插入。如果文档存在,则会执行 script
resp = client.update( index="test", id="1", script={ "source": "ctx._source.counter += params.count", "lang": "painless", "params": { "count": 4 } }, upsert={ "counter": 1 }, ) print(resp)
response = client.update( index: 'test', id: 1, body: { script: { source: 'ctx._source.counter += params.count', lang: 'painless', params: { count: 4 } }, upsert: { counter: 1 } } ) puts response
res, err := es.Update( "test", "1", strings.NewReader(`{ "script": { "source": "ctx._source.counter += params.count", "lang": "painless", "params": { "count": 4 } }, "upsert": { "counter": 1 } }`), es.Update.WithPretty(), ) fmt.Println(res, err)
const response = await client.update({ index: "test", id: 1, script: { source: "ctx._source.counter += params.count", lang: "painless", params: { count: 4, }, }, upsert: { counter: 1, }, }); console.log(response);
POST test/_update/1 { "script": { "source": "ctx._source.counter += params.count", "lang": "painless", "params": { "count": 4 } }, "upsert": { "counter": 1 } }
脚本 Upsert
编辑要无论文档是否存在都运行脚本,请将 scripted_upsert
设置为 true
resp = client.update( index="test", id="1", scripted_upsert=True, script={ "source": "\n if ( ctx.op == 'create' ) {\n ctx._source.counter = params.count\n } else {\n ctx._source.counter += params.count\n }\n ", "params": { "count": 4 } }, upsert={}, ) print(resp)
response = client.update( index: 'test', id: 1, body: { scripted_upsert: true, script: { source: "\n if ( ctx.op == 'create' ) {\n ctx._source.counter = params.count\n } else {\n ctx._source.counter += params.count\n }\n ", params: { count: 4 } }, upsert: {} } ) puts response
const response = await client.update({ index: "test", id: 1, scripted_upsert: true, script: { source: "\n if ( ctx.op == 'create' ) {\n ctx._source.counter = params.count\n } else {\n ctx._source.counter += params.count\n }\n ", params: { count: 4, }, }, upsert: {}, }); console.log(response);
POST test/_update/1 { "scripted_upsert": true, "script": { "source": """ if ( ctx.op == 'create' ) { ctx._source.counter = params.count } else { ctx._source.counter += params.count } """, "params": { "count": 4 } }, "upsert": {} }
将文档用作 Upsert
编辑您可以将 doc_as_upsert
设置为 true
,以使用 doc
的内容作为 upsert
值,而不是发送部分 doc
加 upsert
文档
resp = client.update( index="test", id="1", doc={ "name": "new_name" }, doc_as_upsert=True, ) print(resp)
response = client.update( index: 'test', id: 1, body: { doc: { name: 'new_name' }, doc_as_upsert: true } ) puts response
res, err := es.Update( "test", "1", strings.NewReader(`{ "doc": { "name": "new_name" }, "doc_as_upsert": true }`), es.Update.WithPretty(), ) fmt.Println(res, err)
const response = await client.update({ index: "test", id: 1, doc: { name: "new_name", }, doc_as_upsert: true, }); console.log(response);
POST test/_update/1 { "doc": { "name": "new_name" }, "doc_as_upsert": true }
不支持将 摄取管道 与 doc_as_upsert
一起使用。