更新映射 API
编辑更新映射 API
编辑向现有数据流或索引添加新字段。您还可以使用此 API 更改现有字段的搜索设置。
对于数据流,这些更改默认应用于所有后备索引。
resp = client.indices.put_mapping( index="my-index-000001", properties={ "email": { "type": "keyword" } }, ) print(resp)
response = client.indices.put_mapping( index: 'my-index-000001', body: { properties: { email: { type: 'keyword' } } } ) puts response
const response = await client.indices.putMapping({ index: "my-index-000001", properties: { email: { type: "keyword", }, }, }); console.log(response);
PUT /my-index-000001/_mapping { "properties": { "email": { "type": "keyword" } } }
请求
编辑PUT /<target>/_mapping
先决条件
编辑-
如果启用了 Elasticsearch 安全功能,您必须对目标数据流、索引或别名具有
manage
索引权限。[7.9] 在 7.9 中已弃用。 如果请求的目标是索引或索引别名,您也可以使用
create
、create_doc
、index
或write
索引权限来更新其映射。
路径参数
编辑-
<target>
- (必需,字符串)用于限制请求的数据流、索引和别名的逗号分隔列表。支持通配符(
*
)。要定位所有数据流和索引,请省略此参数或使用*
或_all
。
查询参数
编辑-
allow_no_indices
-
(可选,布尔值)如果为
false
,则如果任何通配符表达式、索引别名 或_all
值仅定位丢失或关闭的索引,则请求将返回错误。即使请求定位其他打开的索引,此行为也适用。例如,如果索引以foo
开头,但没有索引以bar
开头,则定位foo*,bar*
的请求将返回错误。默认为
false
。 -
expand_wildcards
-
(可选,字符串)通配符模式可以匹配的索引类型。如果请求可以定位数据流,则此参数确定通配符表达式是否匹配隐藏的数据流。支持逗号分隔的值,例如
open,hidden
。有效值为-
all
- 匹配任何数据流或索引,包括隐藏的数据流或索引。
-
open
- 匹配打开的非隐藏索引。也匹配任何非隐藏的数据流。
-
closed
- 匹配关闭的非隐藏索引。也匹配任何非隐藏的数据流。数据流不能关闭。
-
hidden
- 匹配隐藏的数据流和隐藏的索引。必须与
open
、closed
或两者组合使用。 -
none
- 不接受通配符模式。
默认为
open
。 -
-
ignore_unavailable
- (可选,布尔值)如果为
false
,则如果请求定位丢失或关闭的索引,则请求将返回错误。默认为false
。 -
master_timeout
- (可选,时间单位)等待主节点的时间段。如果主节点在超时过期之前不可用,则请求失败并返回错误。默认为
30s
。也可以设置为-1
以指示请求不应超时。 -
timeout
- (可选,时间单位)在更新集群元数据后,等待集群中所有相关节点响应的时间段。如果在超时过期之前未收到任何响应,则集群元数据更新仍然适用,但响应将表明它未被完全确认。默认为
30s
。也可以设置为-1
以指示请求不应超时。 -
write_index_only
- (可选,布尔值)如果为
true
,则映射仅应用于目标的当前写入索引。默认为false
。
示例
编辑单目标示例
编辑更新映射 API 需要现有数据流或索引。以下创建索引 API 请求创建没有映射的 publications
索引。
$params = [ 'index' => 'publications', ]; $response = $client->indices()->create($params);
resp = client.indices.create( index="publications", ) print(resp)
response = client.indices.create( index: 'publications' ) puts response
res, err := es.Indices.Create("publications") fmt.Println(res, err)
const response = await client.indices.create({ index: "publications", }); console.log(response);
PUT /publications
以下更新映射 API 请求将新的 text
字段 title
添加到 publications
索引。
$params = [ 'index' => 'publications', 'body' => [ 'properties' => [ 'title' => [ 'type' => 'text', ], ], ], ]; $response = $client->indices()->putMapping($params);
resp = client.indices.put_mapping( index="publications", properties={ "title": { "type": "text" } }, ) print(resp)
response = client.indices.put_mapping( index: 'publications', body: { properties: { title: { type: 'text' } } } ) puts response
res, err := es.Indices.PutMapping( []string{"publications"}, strings.NewReader(`{ "properties": { "title": { "type": "text" } } }`), ) fmt.Println(res, err)
const response = await client.indices.putMapping({ index: "publications", properties: { title: { type: "text", }, }, }); console.log(response);
PUT /publications/_mapping { "properties": { "title": { "type": "text"} } }
多目标
编辑更新映射 API 可以通过单个请求应用于多个数据流或索引。例如,您可以同时更新 my-index-000001
和 my-index-000002
索引的映射
resp = client.indices.create( index="my-index-000001", ) print(resp) resp1 = client.indices.create( index="my-index-000002", ) print(resp1) resp2 = client.indices.put_mapping( index="my-index-000001,my-index-000002", properties={ "user": { "properties": { "name": { "type": "keyword" } } } }, ) print(resp2)
response = client.indices.create( index: 'my-index-000001' ) puts response response = client.indices.create( index: 'my-index-000002' ) puts response response = client.indices.put_mapping( index: 'my-index-000001,my-index-000002', body: { properties: { user: { properties: { name: { type: 'keyword' } } } } } ) puts response
const response = await client.indices.create({ index: "my-index-000001", }); console.log(response); const response1 = await client.indices.create({ index: "my-index-000002", }); console.log(response1); const response2 = await client.indices.putMapping({ index: "my-index-000001,my-index-000002", properties: { user: { properties: { name: { type: "keyword", }, }, }, }, }); console.log(response2);
# Create the two indices PUT /my-index-000001 PUT /my-index-000002 # Update both mappings PUT /my-index-000001,my-index-000002/_mapping { "properties": { "user": { "properties": { "name": { "type": "keyword" } } } } }
向现有对象字段添加新属性
编辑您可以使用更新映射 API 向现有的object
字段添加新属性。要了解其工作原理,请尝试以下示例。
使用创建索引 API 创建一个包含 name
对象字段和内部 first
文本字段的索引。
resp = client.indices.create( index="my-index-000001", mappings={ "properties": { "name": { "properties": { "first": { "type": "text" } } } } }, ) print(resp)
response = client.indices.create( index: 'my-index-000001', body: { mappings: { properties: { name: { properties: { first: { type: 'text' } } } } } } ) puts response
res, err := es.Indices.Create( "my-index-000001", es.Indices.Create.WithBody(strings.NewReader(`{ "mappings": { "properties": { "name": { "properties": { "first": { "type": "text" } } } } } }`)), ) fmt.Println(res, err)
const response = await client.indices.create({ index: "my-index-000001", mappings: { properties: { name: { properties: { first: { type: "text", }, }, }, }, }, }); console.log(response);
PUT /my-index-000001 { "mappings": { "properties": { "name": { "properties": { "first": { "type": "text" } } } } } }
使用更新映射 API 将新的内部 last
文本字段添加到 name
字段。
resp = client.indices.put_mapping( index="my-index-000001", properties={ "name": { "properties": { "last": { "type": "text" } } } }, ) print(resp)
response = client.indices.put_mapping( index: 'my-index-000001', body: { properties: { name: { properties: { last: { type: 'text' } } } } } ) puts response
res, err := es.Indices.PutMapping( []string{"my-index-000001"}, strings.NewReader(`{ "properties": { "name": { "properties": { "last": { "type": "text" } } } } }`), ) fmt.Println(res, err)
const response = await client.indices.putMapping({ index: "my-index-000001", properties: { name: { properties: { last: { type: "text", }, }, }, }, }); console.log(response);
PUT /my-index-000001/_mapping { "properties": { "name": { "properties": { "last": { "type": "text" } } } } }
向现有字段添加多字段
编辑多字段允许您以不同的方式索引同一字段。您可以使用更新映射 API 更新 fields
映射参数,并为现有字段启用多字段。
如果在添加多字段时索引(或数据流)包含文档,则这些文档将没有新多字段的值。您可以使用按查询更新 API填充新的多字段。
要了解其工作原理,请尝试以下示例。
使用创建索引 API 创建一个带有 city
文本 字段的索引。
resp = client.indices.create( index="my-index-000001", mappings={ "properties": { "city": { "type": "text" } } }, ) print(resp)
response = client.indices.create( index: 'my-index-000001', body: { mappings: { properties: { city: { type: 'text' } } } } ) puts response
res, err := es.Indices.Create( "my-index-000001", es.Indices.Create.WithBody(strings.NewReader(`{ "mappings": { "properties": { "city": { "type": "text" } } } }`)), ) fmt.Println(res, err)
const response = await client.indices.create({ index: "my-index-000001", mappings: { properties: { city: { type: "text", }, }, }, }); console.log(response);
PUT /my-index-000001 { "mappings": { "properties": { "city": { "type": "text" } } } }
虽然文本字段非常适合全文搜索,但 关键字字段未进行分析,可能更适合用于排序或聚合。
使用更新映射 API 为 city
字段启用多字段。此请求添加了可用于排序的 city.raw
关键字多字段。
resp = client.indices.put_mapping( index="my-index-000001", properties={ "city": { "type": "text", "fields": { "raw": { "type": "keyword" } } } }, ) print(resp)
response = client.indices.put_mapping( index: 'my-index-000001', body: { properties: { city: { type: 'text', fields: { raw: { type: 'keyword' } } } } } ) puts response
res, err := es.Indices.PutMapping( []string{"my-index-000001"}, strings.NewReader(`{ "properties": { "city": { "type": "text", "fields": { "raw": { "type": "keyword" } } } } }`), ) fmt.Println(res, err)
const response = await client.indices.putMapping({ index: "my-index-000001", properties: { city: { type: "text", fields: { raw: { type: "keyword", }, }, }, }, }); console.log(response);
PUT /my-index-000001/_mapping { "properties": { "city": { "type": "text", "fields": { "raw": { "type": "keyword" } } } } }
更改现有字段的受支持映射参数
编辑每个映射参数的文档都指明了您是否可以使用更新映射 API 为现有字段更新它。例如,您可以使用更新映射 API 更新 ignore_above
参数。
要了解其工作原理,请尝试以下示例。
使用创建索引 API 创建一个包含 user_id
关键字字段的索引。user_id
字段的 ignore_above
参数值为 20
。
resp = client.indices.create( index="my-index-000001", mappings={ "properties": { "user_id": { "type": "keyword", "ignore_above": 20 } } }, ) print(resp)
response = client.indices.create( index: 'my-index-000001', body: { mappings: { properties: { user_id: { type: 'keyword', ignore_above: 20 } } } } ) puts response
res, err := es.Indices.Create( "my-index-000001", es.Indices.Create.WithBody(strings.NewReader(`{ "mappings": { "properties": { "user_id": { "type": "keyword", "ignore_above": 20 } } } }`)), ) fmt.Println(res, err)
const response = await client.indices.create({ index: "my-index-000001", mappings: { properties: { user_id: { type: "keyword", ignore_above: 20, }, }, }, }); console.log(response);
PUT /my-index-000001 { "mappings": { "properties": { "user_id": { "type": "keyword", "ignore_above": 20 } } } }
使用更新映射 API 将 ignore_above
参数值更改为 100
。
resp = client.indices.put_mapping( index="my-index-000001", properties={ "user_id": { "type": "keyword", "ignore_above": 100 } }, ) print(resp)
response = client.indices.put_mapping( index: 'my-index-000001', body: { properties: { user_id: { type: 'keyword', ignore_above: 100 } } } ) puts response
res, err := es.Indices.PutMapping( []string{"my-index-000001"}, strings.NewReader(`{ "properties": { "user_id": { "type": "keyword", "ignore_above": 100 } } }`), ) fmt.Println(res, err)
const response = await client.indices.putMapping({ index: "my-index-000001", properties: { user_id: { type: "keyword", ignore_above: 100, }, }, }); console.log(response);
PUT /my-index-000001/_mapping { "properties": { "user_id": { "type": "keyword", "ignore_above": 100 } } }
更改现有字段的映射
编辑除了受支持的映射参数外,您不能更改现有字段的映射或字段类型。更改现有字段可能会使已索引的数据无效。
如果您需要更改数据流后备索引中字段的映射,请参阅更改数据流的映射和设置。
如果您需要更改其他索引中字段的映射,请创建具有正确映射的新索引,并将您的数据重新索引到该索引中。
要了解如何更改索引中现有字段的映射,请尝试以下示例。
使用创建索引 API 创建一个带有 long
字段类型的 user_id
字段的索引。
resp = client.indices.create( index="my-index-000001", mappings={ "properties": { "user_id": { "type": "long" } } }, ) print(resp)
response = client.indices.create( index: 'my-index-000001', body: { mappings: { properties: { user_id: { type: 'long' } } } } ) puts response
const response = await client.indices.create({ index: "my-index-000001", mappings: { properties: { user_id: { type: "long", }, }, }, }); console.log(response);
PUT /my-index-000001 { "mappings" : { "properties": { "user_id": { "type": "long" } } } }
使用索引 API 索引几个带有 user_id
字段值的文档。
resp = client.index( index="my-index-000001", refresh="wait_for", document={ "user_id": 12345 }, ) print(resp) resp1 = client.index( index="my-index-000001", refresh="wait_for", document={ "user_id": 12346 }, ) print(resp1)
response = client.index( index: 'my-index-000001', refresh: 'wait_for', body: { user_id: 12_345 } ) puts response response = client.index( index: 'my-index-000001', refresh: 'wait_for', body: { user_id: 12_346 } ) puts response
const response = await client.index({ index: "my-index-000001", refresh: "wait_for", document: { user_id: 12345, }, }); console.log(response); const response1 = await client.index({ index: "my-index-000001", refresh: "wait_for", document: { user_id: 12346, }, }); console.log(response1);
POST /my-index-000001/_doc?refresh=wait_for { "user_id" : 12345 } POST /my-index-000001/_doc?refresh=wait_for { "user_id" : 12346 }
要将 user_id
字段更改为 keyword
字段类型,请使用创建索引 API 创建一个具有正确映射的新索引。
resp = client.indices.create( index="my-new-index-000001", mappings={ "properties": { "user_id": { "type": "keyword" } } }, ) print(resp)
response = client.indices.create( index: 'my-new-index-000001', body: { mappings: { properties: { user_id: { type: 'keyword' } } } } ) puts response
const response = await client.indices.create({ index: "my-new-index-000001", mappings: { properties: { user_id: { type: "keyword", }, }, }, }); console.log(response);
PUT /my-new-index-000001 { "mappings" : { "properties": { "user_id": { "type": "keyword" } } } }
使用重新索引 API 将文档从旧索引复制到新索引。
resp = client.reindex( source={ "index": "my-index-000001" }, dest={ "index": "my-new-index-000001" }, ) print(resp)
response = client.reindex( body: { source: { index: 'my-index-000001' }, dest: { index: 'my-new-index-000001' } } ) puts response
const response = await client.reindex({ source: { index: "my-index-000001", }, dest: { index: "my-new-index-000001", }, }); console.log(response);
POST /_reindex { "source": { "index": "my-index-000001" }, "dest": { "index": "my-new-index-000001" } }
重命名字段
编辑重命名字段将使已在旧字段名称下索引的数据无效。相反,添加一个alias
字段以创建备用字段名称。
例如,使用创建索引 API 创建一个带有 user_identifier
字段的索引。
resp = client.indices.create( index="my-index-000001", mappings={ "properties": { "user_identifier": { "type": "keyword" } } }, ) print(resp)
response = client.indices.create( index: 'my-index-000001', body: { mappings: { properties: { user_identifier: { type: 'keyword' } } } } ) puts response
res, err := es.Indices.Create( "my-index-000001", es.Indices.Create.WithBody(strings.NewReader(`{ "mappings": { "properties": { "user_identifier": { "type": "keyword" } } } }`)), ) fmt.Println(res, err)
const response = await client.indices.create({ index: "my-index-000001", mappings: { properties: { user_identifier: { type: "keyword", }, }, }, }); console.log(response);
PUT /my-index-000001 { "mappings": { "properties": { "user_identifier": { "type": "keyword" } } } }
使用更新映射 API 为现有 user_identifier
字段添加 user_id
字段别名。
resp = client.indices.put_mapping( index="my-index-000001", properties={ "user_id": { "type": "alias", "path": "user_identifier" } }, ) print(resp)
response = client.indices.put_mapping( index: 'my-index-000001', body: { properties: { user_id: { type: 'alias', path: 'user_identifier' } } } ) puts response
res, err := es.Indices.PutMapping( []string{"my-index-000001"}, strings.NewReader(`{ "properties": { "user_id": { "type": "alias", "path": "user_identifier" } } }`), ) fmt.Println(res, err)
const response = await client.indices.putMapping({ index: "my-index-000001", properties: { user_id: { type: "alias", path: "user_identifier", }, }, }); console.log(response);
PUT /my-index-000001/_mapping { "properties": { "user_id": { "type": "alias", "path": "user_identifier" } } }