聚合
编辑聚合
编辑聚合将您的数据汇总为指标、统计数据或其他分析结果。聚合可以帮助您回答以下问题:
- 我网站的平均加载时间是多少?
- 基于交易量,我最有价值的客户是谁?
- 在我的网络中,什么可以被认为是大型文件?
- 每个产品类别中有多少种产品?
Elasticsearch 将聚合分为三个类别:
运行聚合
编辑您可以通过指定 搜索 的 搜索 API 的 aggs
参数来运行聚合。以下搜索在 my-field
上运行 词项聚合
resp = client.search( index="my-index-000001", aggs={ "my-agg-name": { "terms": { "field": "my-field" } } }, ) print(resp)
response = client.search( index: 'my-index-000001', body: { aggregations: { "my-agg-name": { terms: { field: 'my-field' } } } } ) puts response
const response = await client.search({ index: "my-index-000001", aggs: { "my-agg-name": { terms: { field: "my-field", }, }, }, }); console.log(response);
GET /my-index-000001/_search { "aggs": { "my-agg-name": { "terms": { "field": "my-field" } } } }
聚合结果位于响应的 aggregations
对象中
{ "took": 78, "timed_out": false, "_shards": { "total": 1, "successful": 1, "skipped": 0, "failed": 0 }, "hits": { "total": { "value": 5, "relation": "eq" }, "max_score": 1.0, "hits": [...] }, "aggregations": { "my-agg-name": { "doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0, "sum_other_doc_count": 0, "buckets": [] } } }
更改聚合的范围
编辑使用 query
参数来限制聚合运行的文档
resp = client.search( index="my-index-000001", query={ "range": { "@timestamp": { "gte": "now-1d/d", "lt": "now/d" } } }, aggs={ "my-agg-name": { "terms": { "field": "my-field" } } }, ) print(resp)
response = client.search( index: 'my-index-000001', body: { query: { range: { "@timestamp": { gte: 'now-1d/d', lt: 'now/d' } } }, aggregations: { "my-agg-name": { terms: { field: 'my-field' } } } } ) puts response
const response = await client.search({ index: "my-index-000001", query: { range: { "@timestamp": { gte: "now-1d/d", lt: "now/d", }, }, }, aggs: { "my-agg-name": { terms: { field: "my-field", }, }, }, }); console.log(response);
GET /my-index-000001/_search { "query": { "range": { "@timestamp": { "gte": "now-1d/d", "lt": "now/d" } } }, "aggs": { "my-agg-name": { "terms": { "field": "my-field" } } } }
仅返回聚合结果
编辑默认情况下,包含聚合的搜索会同时返回搜索命中结果和聚合结果。要仅返回聚合结果,请将 size
设置为 0
resp = client.search( index="my-index-000001", size=0, aggs={ "my-agg-name": { "terms": { "field": "my-field" } } }, ) print(resp)
response = client.search( index: 'my-index-000001', body: { size: 0, aggregations: { "my-agg-name": { terms: { field: 'my-field' } } } } ) puts response
const response = await client.search({ index: "my-index-000001", size: 0, aggs: { "my-agg-name": { terms: { field: "my-field", }, }, }, }); console.log(response);
GET /my-index-000001/_search { "size": 0, "aggs": { "my-agg-name": { "terms": { "field": "my-field" } } } }
运行多个聚合
编辑您可以在同一请求中指定多个聚合
resp = client.search( index="my-index-000001", aggs={ "my-first-agg-name": { "terms": { "field": "my-field" } }, "my-second-agg-name": { "avg": { "field": "my-other-field" } } }, ) print(resp)
response = client.search( index: 'my-index-000001', body: { aggregations: { "my-first-agg-name": { terms: { field: 'my-field' } }, "my-second-agg-name": { avg: { field: 'my-other-field' } } } } ) puts response
const response = await client.search({ index: "my-index-000001", aggs: { "my-first-agg-name": { terms: { field: "my-field", }, }, "my-second-agg-name": { avg: { field: "my-other-field", }, }, }, }); console.log(response);
GET /my-index-000001/_search { "aggs": { "my-first-agg-name": { "terms": { "field": "my-field" } }, "my-second-agg-name": { "avg": { "field": "my-other-field" } } } }
运行子聚合
编辑桶聚合支持桶或指标子聚合。例如,带有 avg 子聚合的词项聚合计算每个文档桶的平均值。嵌套子聚合的级别或深度没有限制。
resp = client.search( index="my-index-000001", aggs={ "my-agg-name": { "terms": { "field": "my-field" }, "aggs": { "my-sub-agg-name": { "avg": { "field": "my-other-field" } } } } }, ) print(resp)
response = client.search( index: 'my-index-000001', body: { aggregations: { "my-agg-name": { terms: { field: 'my-field' }, aggregations: { "my-sub-agg-name": { avg: { field: 'my-other-field' } } } } } } ) puts response
const response = await client.search({ index: "my-index-000001", aggs: { "my-agg-name": { terms: { field: "my-field", }, aggs: { "my-sub-agg-name": { avg: { field: "my-other-field", }, }, }, }, }, }); console.log(response);
GET /my-index-000001/_search { "aggs": { "my-agg-name": { "terms": { "field": "my-field" }, "aggs": { "my-sub-agg-name": { "avg": { "field": "my-other-field" } } } } } }
响应将子聚合结果嵌套在其父聚合下
{ ... "aggregations": { "my-agg-name": { "doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0, "sum_other_doc_count": 0, "buckets": [ { "key": "foo", "doc_count": 5, "my-sub-agg-name": { "value": 75.0 } } ] } } }
添加自定义元数据
编辑使用 meta
对象将自定义元数据与聚合关联
resp = client.search( index="my-index-000001", aggs={ "my-agg-name": { "terms": { "field": "my-field" }, "meta": { "my-metadata-field": "foo" } } }, ) print(resp)
response = client.search( index: 'my-index-000001', body: { aggregations: { "my-agg-name": { terms: { field: 'my-field' }, meta: { "my-metadata-field": 'foo' } } } } ) puts response
const response = await client.search({ index: "my-index-000001", aggs: { "my-agg-name": { terms: { field: "my-field", }, meta: { "my-metadata-field": "foo", }, }, }, }); console.log(response);
GET /my-index-000001/_search { "aggs": { "my-agg-name": { "terms": { "field": "my-field" }, "meta": { "my-metadata-field": "foo" } } } }
响应将 meta
对象原样返回
{ ... "aggregations": { "my-agg-name": { "meta": { "my-metadata-field": "foo" }, "doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0, "sum_other_doc_count": 0, "buckets": [] } } }
返回聚合类型
编辑默认情况下,聚合结果包含聚合的名称,但不包含其类型。要返回聚合类型,请使用 typed_keys
查询参数。
resp = client.search( index="my-index-000001", typed_keys=True, aggs={ "my-agg-name": { "histogram": { "field": "my-field", "interval": 1000 } } }, ) print(resp)
response = client.search( index: 'my-index-000001', typed_keys: true, body: { aggregations: { "my-agg-name": { histogram: { field: 'my-field', interval: 1000 } } } } ) puts response
const response = await client.search({ index: "my-index-000001", typed_keys: "true", aggs: { "my-agg-name": { histogram: { field: "my-field", interval: 1000, }, }, }, }); console.log(response);
GET /my-index-000001/_search?typed_keys { "aggs": { "my-agg-name": { "histogram": { "field": "my-field", "interval": 1000 } } } }
响应会将聚合类型作为聚合名称的前缀返回。
在聚合中使用脚本
编辑当字段与您需要的聚合不完全匹配时,您应该在 运行时字段 上进行聚合
resp = client.search( index="my-index-000001", size="0", runtime_mappings={ "message.length": { "type": "long", "script": "emit(doc['message.keyword'].value.length())" } }, aggs={ "message_length": { "histogram": { "interval": 10, "field": "message.length" } } }, ) print(resp)
const response = await client.search({ index: "my-index-000001", size: 0, runtime_mappings: { "message.length": { type: "long", script: "emit(doc['message.keyword'].value.length())", }, }, aggs: { message_length: { histogram: { interval: 10, field: "message.length", }, }, }, }); console.log(response);
GET /my-index-000001/_search?size=0 { "runtime_mappings": { "message.length": { "type": "long", "script": "emit(doc['message.keyword'].value.length())" } }, "aggs": { "message_length": { "histogram": { "interval": 10, "field": "message.length" } } } }
脚本动态计算字段值,这会给聚合增加一些开销。除了计算所花费的时间外,某些聚合(如 terms
和 filters
)无法将其某些优化与运行时字段一起使用。总的来说,使用运行时字段的性能成本因聚合而异。
聚合缓存
编辑为了获得更快的响应,Elasticsearch 会将频繁运行的聚合结果缓存在 分片请求缓存 中。要获取缓存的结果,请对每次搜索使用相同的 preference
字符串。如果不需要搜索命中结果,请 将 size
设置为 0
,以避免填充缓存。
Elasticsearch 会将具有相同首选项字符串的搜索路由到相同的分片。如果分片的数据在搜索之间没有更改,则分片会返回缓存的聚合结果。
long
值的限制
编辑运行聚合时,Elasticsearch 使用 double
值来保存和表示数字数据。因此,对大于 253
的 long
数字进行的聚合是近似的。